长毛兔的季节性饲养要点，做好科学管理很重要，一起来看看吧

The key points for seasonal feeding of long haired rabbits and scientific management are important. Let's take a look together

我国地域辽阔，气候条件差异很大。为提高我们的饲养管理水平，增加饲养长毛兔的经济效益，促进长毛兔养殖业的发展。就必须因时、因地制宜，根据不同的季节气候特点做好长毛兔的科学饲养管理。总的要求是霉季防潮、夏季防暑、冬季防寒、春季抓好繁配工作。

China has a vast territory and significant differences in climate conditions. To improve our breeding and management level, increase the economic benefits of raising long haired rabbits, and promote the development of the long haired rabbit breeding industry. It is necessary to scientifically raise and manage long haired rabbits according to different seasons and climate characteristics, based on the time and local conditions. The overall requirement is to prevent moisture during the moldy season, prevent heatstroke in summer, prevent cold in winter, and do a good job in breeding and matching in spring.

1春季管理要点

1. Key points of spring management

1.1抓好饲料供应

1.1 Strengthen the supply of feed

因为春季饲料青黄不接，为促进其发情提高受胎率，应多饲喂些富含维生素和矿物质的饲料，如谷芽、麦芽、白菜等。日粮中掺入适量的鱼粉、骨粉等动物性饲料，动物性饲料含丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷等矿物质，对免的配种繁殖、生长发育及兔毛的产量有特殊效果。

Due to the lack of green and yellow feed in spring, in order to promote estrus and increase conception rate, it is necessary to feed more feed rich in vitamins and minerals, such as grains, malt, cabbage, etc. Adding appropriate amounts of animal feed such as fish meal and bone meal to the diet, animal feed contains rich minerals such as protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus, which have special effects on breeding, growth and development, and rabbit hair production.

1.2搞好春季配种

1.2 Carry out spring breeding well

无冬繁条件的养殖场，春季要及早开始，以保证繁殖两胎。春反季节，一般应在二月中下旬开始配种，三月上旬结束。由于种公兔长期不配种，一次头几次精液中精子活力低、死亡、畸形、精子多影响母兔的产仔数和受胎率，采用复配法。

Breeding farms without winter breeding conditions should start early in spring to ensure the reproduction of two children. In the opposite season of spring, mating usually begins in mid to late February and ends in early March. Due to the long-term non breeding of male rabbits, low sperm motility, death, deformity, and high sperm count in the first few semen samples can affect the litter size and conception rate of female rabbits. Therefore, it is best to use a combination method.

1.3防备倒春寒潮

1.3 Beware of Cold Waves in Late Spring

春季气温极不稳定，尤其是三月份，时有寒风、雨雪，气温忽高忽低，容易诱发长毛兔的感冒和肺炎。特别是冬繁兔刚刚断奶，抗病能力弱，容易发病死亡，要精心管理。

The temperature in spring is extremely unstable, especially in March, with occasional cold winds, rain and snow, and fluctuating temperatures, which can easily trigger colds and pneumonia in long haired rabbits. Especially for winter breeding rabbits that have just been weaned, their disease resistance is weak and they are prone to illness and death, which requires careful management.

1.4严防饲料中毒

1.4 Strictly prevent feed poisoning

实践证明，每年春季饲料中毒现象较多，主要是误采误食返青草的有毒野草、受潮发霉的饲料、出芽的马铃薯或患黑斑病的甘薯等。所以要严防饲料发霉变质，防止误采有毒草料。

Practice has proven that there are many cases of feed poisoning in spring each year, mainly due to the accidental ingestion of toxic wild grass, damp and moldy feed, sprouted potatoes, or sweet potatoes affected by black spot disease. So it is necessary to strictly prevent the growth and deterioration of feed, and to prevent the accidental harvesting of toxic forage.

2夏季管理要点

2 Key points of summer management

夏季气温高、湿度大，长毛兔因汗腺不发达而怕热、常因炎热而采食量减少，对长毛兔的生长极为不利，对仔兔和幼兔的威胁大，是难饲养和管理的一个季节，固有“寒冬易度，盛夏难养”之说。因此，夏季饲养管理工作的就是防暑降温。伏前剪毛散热为了防暑，在大伏天前夕，要全身采一次毛。养毛期可适当缩短6-7周，种兔的养毛期更应短些，幼兔的头刀毛可适当提前剪，以利于散热降温。做好兔舍的通风降温搞好环境卫生，消灭蚊蝇病菌滋生。夏季兔舍应注意阴凉通风，兔舍温度超过35摄氏度时，兔舍地面应泼凉水降温。露天兔场一定要及时搭好凉棚，或种植瓜果之类可以蔓延遮阴的植物，避免阳光直射过热，引起兔中暑死亡。有条件的兔场可安装排风设施，以保持室内空气流通。合理安排饲喂时间，供给充足饮水根据气温变化早餐应提早喂，晚餐要推迟喂。要注意多喂青绿饲料，炎热季节要保证供给充足、清洁的饮水，有条件的兔场安装自动饮水器保证24小时供水，中午的饮水中应加入2%的食盐。预防消化道疾病，可饮用0.01%的高锰酸钾或0.02痢特灵水。避免晾扰兔子胆小，怕惊吓，夏季受惊吓更易产生应激反应。因此，兔舍周围应保持安静。

Summer is a season with high temperatures and humidity. Long haired rabbits are afraid of heat due to underdeveloped sweat glands, and their food intake is often reduced due to the heat. This is extremely detrimental to the growth of long haired rabbits and poses a great threat to their offspring and young rabbits. It is the most difficult season to raise and manage, and there is a saying that goes, "Winter is easy to warm up, summer is difficult to raise. Therefore, the focus of summer feeding and management work is to prevent heatstroke and cool down. To prevent heatstroke, it is necessary to pluck hair all over the body on the eve of the hottest days of summer. The hair raising period can be appropriately shortened to 6-7 weeks, and the hair raising period for breeding rabbits should be even shorter. The scalp hair of young rabbits can be cut in advance to facilitate heat dissipation and cooling. Ensure proper ventilation and cooling of the rabbit house, maintain good environmental hygiene, and eliminate the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. In summer, rabbit houses should pay attention to shade and ventilation. When the temperature in the rabbit house exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the floor of the rabbit house should be splashed with cold water to cool down. Outdoor rabbit farms must promptly set up cool shelters or plant plants such as fruits and melons that can spread and provide shade to avoid direct sunlight and overheating, which can cause rabbits to suffer from heatstroke and death. Conditional rabbit farms can install exhaust facilities to maintain indoor air circulation. Reasonably arrange feeding time and provide sufficient drinking water. Breakfast should be fed early according to temperature changes, and dinner should be fed later. Pay attention to feeding more green feed, and ensure sufficient and clean drinking water during hot seasons. It is best to install automatic water dispensers in rabbit farms with conditions to ensure 24-hour water supply. 2% salt should be added to the drinking water at noon. To prevent digestive diseases, one can drink 0.01% potassium permanganate or 0.02% Ling Ling water. Avoid disturbing rabbits. They are timid and most afraid of fright. They are more prone to stress reactions when frightened in summer. Therefore, the area around the rabbit house should be kept quiet.

3秋季管理要点

3 Key points of autumn management

秋季温度适宜，气候干燥，饲料充足、营养丰富是饲养长毛兔的黄金季节，应抓住这个季节的大好时机做好秋繁的换毛期管理。

Autumn is the golden season for raising long haired rabbits, with suitable temperatures, dry climate, sufficient feed, and abundant nutrients. We should seize this great opportunity to manage the molting period of autumn breeding.

3.1科学饲喂，抓好秋繁配种

3.1 Scientific feeding, focusing on autumn breeding and mating

秋季是长毛兔繁殖的大好时机，应迅速繁殖。但在生产实践中发现，此时长毛兔刚度过盛夏，种兔体质较为瘦弱，因此，入秋前在饲养上，应多喂给鲜嫩青饲料，适当加喂蛋白质含量高的精饲料。注意人工补充光照，实行复配法，以提高配种受胎率，保证秋季繁殖1-2胎。秋季是兔的换毛季节，此时生理上发生一些变化，消化能力减弱，也是疾病多发季节，特别是幼兔容易发生感冒、肺炎、肠炎等疾病，因此要从饲料管理入手加强对这些常见病的预防和控制。同時要做好兔温、巴氏杆菌等烈性传染病的防疫工作。还要严防球虫病的爆发和加强对疥癣的防治。

Autumn is a great time for the breeding of long haired rabbits, and they should breed quickly. However, in production practice, it has been found that long haired rabbits have just passed the peak of summer, and the physical condition of breeding rabbits is relatively weak. Therefore, before autumn, in feeding, more fresh and tender green feed should be given, and high protein content refined feed should be added appropriately. Pay attention to artificial supplementation of light and implement a compound method to improve the conception rate of breeding and ensure 1-2 pregnancies in autumn. Autumn is the season for rabbits to shed their fur, during which physiological changes occur, digestive ability weakens, and diseases are more common. Especially for young rabbits, they are prone to colds, pneumonia, enteritis, and other diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of these common diseases from the perspective of feed management. At the same time, efforts should be made to prevent and control highly infectious diseases such as rabbit fever and Pasteurella. We also need to strictly prevent the outbreak of coccidiosis and strengthen the prevention and treatment of scabies.

4冬季管理要点

4 Winter Management Points

冬季气温较低，空气干燥，日照时间短，青绿饲料缺乏，给长毛兔饲养带来了一些困难。饲养管理的是做好防寒保暖工作。

In winter, the temperature is low, the air is dry, the sunshine time is short, and there is a lack of green feed, which brings some difficulties to the breeding of long haired rabbits. The key to animal husbandry management is to do a good job in preventing cold and keeping warm.

4.1做好兔舍冬季防寒

4.1 Keep the rabbit house warm in winter

保暖工作冬季天冷，兔舍要及早保暖防寒措施，当气温在摄氏零度以下，或下雪刮风下雨时，室内兔舍门窗要关闭，室外兔舍要在笼门挂上草帘进行保暖，防止寒风侵入。严冬天要在兔笼内放些干草，以备夜间栖宿，仔免巢箱的垫草应勤换，保持干燥。白天应使兔多晒阳光，多活动，放出笼外运动应在中午有阳光时进行。

In winter, when the weather is cold, rabbit houses should take early measures to keep warm and prevent cold. When the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, or when it snows, blows, or rains, the doors and windows of indoor rabbit houses should be closed, and outdoor rabbit houses should hang grass curtains on the cage doors to keep warm and prevent cold winds from entering. In the harsh winter, it is necessary to put some hay in the rabbit cage for overnight lodging. The bedding of the nest box should be changed frequently and kept dry. During the day, rabbits should be exposed to more sunlight and engage in more activities. Exercise outside the cage should be done when there is sunlight at noon.

4.2加强冬季饲喂管理

4.2 Strengthen winter feeding management

由于长毛兔冬天维持体温要消耗大量热能，需要补充营养，不论大小兔，日粮的给量要比其它季节增加三分之一。冬季青绿饲料减少，每天应设法饲喂一些青绿菜叶或胡萝卜等多汁的饲料，以补充维生素，饮水要用温开水。冰冻过的饲料不能喂兔，以免发生肠炎。

Due to the fact that long haired rabbits consume a large amount of heat energy to maintain their body temperature in winter, they need to supplement their nutrition. Regardless of the size of the rabbit, the amount of diet given should be increased by one-third compared to other seasons. In winter, there is a decrease in green feed. Every day, try to feed some juicy feed such as green vegetable leaves or carrots to supplement vitamins, and use warm water for drinking. Frozen feed should not be fed to rabbits to prevent enteritis.

4.3冬季采毛技术

4.3 Winter hair harvesting techniques

冬季应注意气候变化情况，不宜在寒潮时采毛，但冬季又是有利于兔毛的生长季节。因此，采毛一般以拔毛为宜，拔毛时应拔长留短，每月一次。通过拔毛可促进血液循环，以提高兔毛产量，增加粗毛比率。此法对背毛密度低的个体尤为适宜，但幼兔、妊娠母兔则不宜拔毛。

Attention should be paid to climate change during winter, and it is not advisable to collect rabbit hair during cold waves. However, winter is also a favorable season for the growth of rabbit hair. Therefore, it is generally advisable to pluck the hair, and when plucking, the long hair should be pulled out and the short hair should be left behind, once a month. Pulling hair can promote blood circulation, increase rabbit hair production, and increase the ratio of coarse hair. This method is particularly suitable for individuals with low back hair density, but it is not advisable to pluck hair from young rabbits or pregnant female rabbits.

5霉季管理要点

5 key points of mold season management

由于长毛兔不适宜潮湿环境，因此，长毛兔（特别是幼兔）的死亡率在霉季。每逢阴雨连绵，必须做好严格的工作。保持笼舍清洁干燥在笼舍的墙壁上离地面0.3-0.7米处挂上千湿球温度表，随时观察兔舍的温湿度。兔舍比较理想的相对湿度是50%-60%。室内要求通风干燥，地面上可撒上草木灰或石灰，以吸收潮气。保持兔舍清洁卫生，兔笼内用5%来苏尔溶液喷洒，墙壁用20%石灰乳粉刷，阴雨天可采用手提滴滴涕喷筒火喷。针对霉季特点，科学饲喂，为增加兔的抗病能力，在霉季到来前一个月和霉季期间，应在饲料中拌入一定量的大蒜、红葱、野葱等性饲料，或者拌入0.01-0.02%的碘溶液。

Due to the unsuitability of long haired rabbits to humid environments, the mortality rate of long haired rabbits (especially young rabbits) is highest during the moldy season. Strict disinfection work must be carried out during continuous rainy weather. Keep the cage clean and dry. Hang a wet bulb thermometer on the walls of the cage 0.3-0.7 meters above the ground to observe the temperature and humidity of the rabbit cage at any time. The ideal relative humidity for a rabbit house is 50% -60%. Indoor ventilation and dryness are required, and grass ash or lime can be sprinkled on the ground to absorb moisture. Keep the rabbit house clean and hygienic, spray 5% Lysol solution for disinfection inside the rabbit cage, brush the walls with 20% lime milk powder for disinfection, and use a handheld DDT spray can for fire spraying disinfection on rainy days. Based on the characteristics of the moldy season, scientific feeding should be carried out to increase the disease resistance of rabbits. One month before and during the moldy season, a certain amount of sterilized feed such as garlic, red onions, and wild onions should be mixed into the feed, or 0.01-0.02% iodine solution should be mixed in.

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